Romans 3:1

Authorized King James Version

What advantage then hath the Jew? or what profit is there of circumcision?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τίς
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#2
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
περισσὸν
advantage
superabundant (in quantity) or superior (in quality); by implication, excessive; adverbially (with g1537) violently; neuter (as noun) preeminence
#5
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
Ἰουδαίου
hath the Jew
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#7
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#8
τίς
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ὠφέλεια
profit
usefulness, i.e., benefit
#11
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
περιτομῆς
is there of circumcision
circumcision (the rite, the condition or the people, literally or figuratively)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights salvation through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by introducing key themes that will be developed throughout Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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