Romans 13:3

Authorized King James Version

For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ἄρχοντες
rulers
a first (in rank or power)
#4
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#5
εἰσὶν
are
they are
#6
φόβος
a terror
alarm or fright
#7
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἀγαθὸν
G18
that which is good
"good" (in any sense, often as noun)
#9
ἔργων,
works
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#10
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#11
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
κακῶν
to the evil
worthless (intrinsically, such; whereas g4190 properly refers to effects), i.e., (subjectively) depraved, or (objectively) injurious
#13
θέλεις
Wilt thou
to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),
#14
δὲ
then
but, and, etc
#15
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#16
φοβεῖσθαι
be afraid
to frighten, i.e., (passively) to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e., revere
#17
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
ἐξουσίαν;
of the power
privilege, i.e., (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token o
#19
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
ἀγαθὸν
G18
that which is good
"good" (in any sense, often as noun)
#21
ποίει
do
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#22
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#23
ἕξεις
thou shalt have
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#24
ἔπαινον
praise
laudation; concretely, a commendable thing
#25
ἐξ
of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#26
αὐτῆς·
the same
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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