Romans 11:9

Authorized King James Version

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And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Δαβὶδ David G1138
Δαβὶδ David
Strong's: G1138
Word #: 2 of 19
david, the israelite king
λέγει saith G3004
λέγει saith
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 3 of 19
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
Γενηθήτω Let G1096
Γενηθήτω Let
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 4 of 19
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 19
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τράπεζα table G5132
τράπεζα table
Strong's: G5132
Word #: 6 of 19
a table or stool (as being four-legged), usually for food (figuratively, a meal); also a counter for money (figuratively, a broker's office for loans
αὐτοῖς their G846
αὐτοῖς their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 19
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
εἰς a recompence G1519
εἰς a recompence
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 8 of 19
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
παγίδα G3803
παγίδα
Strong's: G3803
Word #: 9 of 19
a trap (as fastened by a noose or notch); figuratively, a trick or statagem (temptation)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 10 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἰς a recompence G1519
εἰς a recompence
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 11 of 19
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
θήραν G2339
θήραν
Strong's: G2339
Word #: 12 of 19
hunting, i.e., (figuratively) destruction
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἰς a recompence G1519
εἰς a recompence
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 14 of 19
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
σκάνδαλον G4625
σκάνδαλον
Strong's: G4625
Word #: 15 of 19
a trap-stick (bent sapling), i.e., snare (figuratively, cause of displeasure or sin)
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 16 of 19
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
εἰς a recompence G1519
εἰς a recompence
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 17 of 19
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
ἀνταπόδομα G468
ἀνταπόδομα
Strong's: G468
Word #: 18 of 19
a requital (properly, the thing)
αὐτοῖς their G846
αὐτοῖς their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 19 of 19
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Paul quotes Psalm 69:22-23 (LXX), a Messianic psalm: And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them. The table (trapeza, τράπεζα) represents blessing, provision, fellowship. What should nourish becomes an instrument of judgment—a snare (pagida, παγίδα) and trap (thēran, θήραν). These hunting metaphors depict sudden, inescapable judgment.

The word skandalon (σκάνδαλον, stumblingblock) is significant—Israel stumbled over the skandalon of the cross (1 Corinthians 1:23). Their very privileges (Torah, temple, covenant) became obstacles when used to reject Messiah. Antapodoma (ἀνταπόδομα, recompence) means retribution or recompense—the hardening is judicial recompense for covenant unfaithfulness. David's imprecatory prayer finds fulfillment in Israel's rejection of David's greater Son.

Historical Context

Psalm 69 is highly Messianic—quoted multiple times in the NT regarding Christ's suffering (John 2:17; 19:28-29; Acts 1:20). David's enemies prefigure Christ's enemies. Paul applies David's imprecations to those who rejected Jesus, showing continuity in salvation history.

Questions for Reflection

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