Romans 11:28

Authorized King James Version

As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
κατὰ
As concerning
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#2
μὲν
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#3
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
εὐαγγέλιον
the gospel
a good message, i.e., the gospel
#5
ἐχθροὶ
they are enemies
hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)
#6
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#7
ὑμᾶς
you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)
#8
κατὰ
As concerning
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#9
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#10
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
ἐκλογὴν
the election
(divine) selection (abstractly or concretely)
#12
ἀγαπητοὶ
G27
they are beloved
beloved
#13
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#14
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
πατέρας·
the fathers
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of love reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of systematic theological exposition of the gospel, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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