Psalms 99:4

Authorized King James Version

The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְעֹ֥ז
strength
strength in various applications (force, security, majesty, praise)
#2
מֶלֶךְ֮
The king's
a king
#3
מִשְׁפָּ֥ט
judgment
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
#4
אָ֫הֵ֥ב
also loveth
to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
#5
אַ֭תָּה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#6
כּוֹנַ֣נְתָּ
thou dost establish
properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,
#7
מֵישָׁרִ֑ים
equity
evenness, i.e., (figuratively) prosperity or concord; also straightness, i.e., (figuratively) rectitude (only in plural with singular sense; often adv
#8
מִשְׁפָּ֥ט
judgment
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
#9
וּ֝צְדָקָ֗ה
and righteousness
rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
#10
בְּיַעֲקֹ֤ב׀
in Jacob
jaakob, the israelitish patriarch
#11
אַתָּ֬ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#12
עָשִֽׂיתָ׃
thou executest
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing love fundamental to theology proper, revealing God's essential nature and character and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection