Psalms 80:12

Authorized King James Version

Why hast thou then broken down her hedges, so that all they which pass by the way do pluck her?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָ֭מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#2
פָּרַ֣צְתָּ
Why hast thou then broken down
to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)
#3
גְדֵרֶ֑יהָ
her hedges
a circumvallation; by implication, an inclosure
#4
וְ֝אָר֗וּהָ
do pluck
to pluck
#5
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#6
עֹ֥בְרֵי
so that all they which pass
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#7
דָֽרֶךְ׃
by the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection