Psalms 59:6

Authorized King James Version

They return at evening: they make a noise like a dog, and go round about the city.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יָשׁ֣וּבוּ
They return
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#2
לָ֭עֶרֶב
at evening
dusk
#3
יֶהֱמ֥וּ
they make a noise
to make a loud sound (like english 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
#4
כַכָּ֗לֶב
like a dog
a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
#5
וִיס֥וֹבְבוּ
and go round about
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
#6
עִֽיר׃
the city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection