Psalms 51:19

Authorized King James Version

Then shalt thou be pleased with the sacrifices of righteousness, with burnt offering and whole burnt offering: then shall they offer bullocks upon thine altar.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אָ֤ז
at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore
#2
תַּחְפֹּ֣ץ
Then shalt thou be pleased
properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
#3
זִבְחֵי
with the sacrifices
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
#4
צֶ֭דֶק
of righteousness
the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
#5
עוֹלָ֣ה
burnt offering
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
#6
וְכָלִ֑יל
and whole
complete; as noun, the whole (specifically, a sacrifice entirely consumed); as adverb, fully
#7
אָ֤ז
at that time or place; also as a conjunction, therefore
#8
יַעֲל֖וּ
then shall they offer
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
#9
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
מִזְבַּחֲךָ֣
upon thine altar
an altar
#11
פָרִֽים׃
bullocks
a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of righteousness reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection