Psalms 48:5

Authorized King James Version

They saw it, and so they marvelled; they were troubled, and hasted away.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵ֣מָּה
they (only used when emphatic)
#2
רָ֭אוּ
They saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#3
כֵּ֣ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#4
תָּמָ֑הוּ
it and so they marvelled
to be in consternation
#5
נִבְהֲל֥וּ
they were troubled
to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e., (figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously
#6
נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃
and hasted away
properly, to start up suddenly, i.e., (by implication) to hasten away, to fear

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection