Psalms 48:5

Authorized King James Version

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They saw it, and so they marvelled; they were troubled, and hasted away.

Original Language Analysis

הֵ֣מָּה H1992
הֵ֣מָּה
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 1 of 6
they (only used when emphatic)
רָ֭אוּ They saw H7200
רָ֭אוּ They saw
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 2 of 6
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
כֵּ֣ן H3651
כֵּ֣ן
Strong's: H3651
Word #: 3 of 6
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
תָּמָ֑הוּ it and so they marvelled H8539
תָּמָ֑הוּ it and so they marvelled
Strong's: H8539
Word #: 4 of 6
to be in consternation
נִבְהֲל֥וּ they were troubled H926
נִבְהֲל֥וּ they were troubled
Strong's: H926
Word #: 5 of 6
to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e., (figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously
נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃ and hasted away H2648
נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃ and hasted away
Strong's: H2648
Word #: 6 of 6
properly, to start up suddenly, i.e., (by implication) to hasten away, to fear

Analysis & Commentary

When the kings saw Zion, 'they marvelled; they were troubled, and hasted away.' Instead of conquering, they flee in panic. The sight of God's city--or more precisely, awareness of its divine defender--produces not triumph but terror. Their haste reveals the reversal of their confident advance.

Historical Context

Sennacherib's sudden retreat (2 Kings 19:35-36) after the angel's destruction of his army exemplifies this pattern. Human armies encounter divine resistance and flee.

Questions for Reflection