Psalms 44:2

Authorized King James Version

How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַתָּ֤ה׀
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#2
יָדְךָ֡
with thy hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#3
גּוֹיִ֣ם
the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#4
ה֭וֹרַשְׁתָּ
How thou didst drive out
to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish
#5
וַתִּטָּעֵ֑ם
and plantedst
properly, to strike in, i.e., fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
#6
תָּרַ֥ע
them how thou didst afflict
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)
#7
לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים
the people
a community
#8
וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃
and cast them out
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights suffering and persecution through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection