Psalms 78:55

Authorized King James Version

He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ
He cast out
to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce
#2
מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם׀
also before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#3
גּוֹיִ֗ם
the heathen
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#4
וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם
them and divided
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#5
בְּחֶ֣בֶל
by line
ruin
#6
נַחֲלָ֑ה
them an inheritance
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
#7
וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן
to dwell
to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)
#8
בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם
in their tents
a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
#9
שִׁבְטֵ֥י
and made the tribes
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
#10
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection