Psalms 17:9

Authorized King James Version

From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly enemies, who compass me about.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מִפְּנֵ֣י
From
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#2
רְ֭שָׁעִים
the wicked
morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person
#3
ז֣וּ
that
this or that
#4
שַׁדּ֑וּנִי
oppress
properly, to be burly, i.e., (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
#5
אֹיְבַ֥י
enemies
hating; an adversary
#6
בְּ֝נֶ֗פֶשׁ
me from my deadly
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#7
יַקִּ֥יפוּ
who compass me about
to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e., surround or circulate
#8
עָלָֽי׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection