Psalms 139:4

For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether.

Word-by-Word Analysis

כִּ֤י

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֵ֣ין

H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

מִ֭לָּה

H4405

For there is not a word

a word; collectively, a discourse; figuratively, a topic

בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑י

H3956

in my tongue

the tongue (of man or animals), used literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech), and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame,

הֵ֥ן

H2005

lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if

יְ֝הוָ֗ה

H3068

but lo O LORD

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

יָדַ֥עְתָּ

H3045

thou knowest

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

כֻלָּֽהּ׃

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The divine name or title here functions within worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

How does this verse's literary context within Psalms chapter 139 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
How might the original audience's understanding of divine sovereignty differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does the worship and praise theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?