Psalms 139:11

Authorized King James Version

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If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me.

Original Language Analysis

וָ֭אֹמַר If I say H559
וָ֭אֹמַר If I say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 7
to say (used with great latitude)
אַךְ H389
אַךְ
Strong's: H389
Word #: 2 of 7
a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only
חֹ֣שֶׁךְ Surely the darkness H2822
חֹ֣שֶׁךְ Surely the darkness
Strong's: H2822
Word #: 3 of 7
the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness
יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי shall cover H7779
יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי shall cover
Strong's: H7779
Word #: 4 of 7
properly, to gape, i.e., snap at; figuratively, to overwhelm
וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה me even the night H3915
וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה me even the night
Strong's: H3915
Word #: 5 of 7
properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e., night; figuratively, adversity
א֣וֹר shall be light H216
א֣וֹר shall be light
Strong's: H216
Word #: 6 of 7
illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.)
בַּעֲדֵֽנִי׃ about me H1157
בַּעֲדֵֽנִי׃ about me
Strong's: H1157
Word #: 7 of 7
in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc

Analysis & Commentary

If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me—David explores a third hypothetical escape: concealment in darkness (choshek, חֹשֶׁךְ). Cover me (shuf, שׁוּף) means to overwhelm or crush—darkness as refuge from exposure. But the conditional sentence breaks mid-verse (completed in v. 12): what we expect to be dark becomes light.

This anticipates both moral and literal truths. Morally: secret sins performed 'under cover of darkness' stand revealed to God (Ephesians 5:11-13). Literally: night doesn't diminish God's vision. We hide in darkness hoping for invisibility, but God dwells in unapproachable light (1 Timothy 6:16) and sees perfectly in absolute darkness.

Historical Context

In pre-electric ancient world, darkness was total—no streetlights, no ambient glow. Night brought genuine concealment, making it prime time for crime and immorality. David's assertion that even night becomes light to God would have sounded radical, challenging assumptions about darkness as hiding place.

Questions for Reflection