Psalms 118:18

Authorized King James Version

The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over unto death.

Word-by-Word Analysis

יִסְּרַ֣נִּי

H3256

hath chastened

to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct

יִסְּרַ֣נִּי

H3256

hath chastened

to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct

יָּ֑הּ

H3050

The LORD

jah, the sacred name

וְ֝לַמָּ֗וֶת

H4194

unto death

death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin

לֹ֣א

H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

נְתָנָֽנִי׃

H5414

but he hath not given me over

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The divine name or title here functions within worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection

What practical applications emerge from understanding worship and praise as presented in this verse, particularly in light of contemporary challenges facing the church and individual believers?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of worship and praise, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of fundamental Christian doctrine?
How does the worship and praise theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?