Proverbs Chapter 4 · Verse 17

Authorized King James Version

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For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 7
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לָ֭חֲמוּ For they eat H3898
לָ֭חֲמוּ For they eat
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 2 of 7
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
לֶ֣חֶם the bread H3899
לֶ֣חֶם the bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 3 of 7
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
רֶ֑שַׁע of wickedness H7562
רֶ֑שַׁע of wickedness
Strong's: H7562
Word #: 4 of 7
a wrong (especially moral)
וְיֵ֖ין the wine H3196
וְיֵ֖ין the wine
Strong's: H3196
Word #: 5 of 7
wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
חֲמָסִ֣ים of violence H2555
חֲמָסִ֣ים of violence
Strong's: H2555
Word #: 6 of 7
violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain
יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ and drink H8354
יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ and drink
Strong's: H8354
Word #: 7 of 7
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

The wicked eat wickedness like bread and drink violence like wine - it sustains them. The Hebrew 'lechem' (bread) and 'yayin' (wine) are basic sustenance. What should horrify them has become their nourishment. Moral inversion is complete: they feast on what should starve them. This illustrates total depravity - not that humans are as evil as possible, but that sin pervades every aspect of life when given full reign.

Historical Context

Amos 6:12-13 condemned Israel for turning 'judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock...which rejoice in a thing of nought.' Moral corruption inverts values so completely that evil becomes good. Romans 1:28-32 describes similar progression where people not only do evil but 'have pleasure in them that do them.'

Questions for Reflection