Proverbs 17:22

Authorized King James Version

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A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones.

Original Language Analysis

לֵ֣ב heart H3820
לֵ֣ב heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 1 of 8
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
שָׂ֭מֵחַ A merry H8056
שָׂ֭מֵחַ A merry
Strong's: H8056
Word #: 2 of 8
blithe or gleeful
יֵיטִ֣יב doeth good H3190
יֵיטִ֣יב doeth good
Strong's: H3190
Word #: 3 of 8
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
גֵּהָ֑ה like a medicine H1456
גֵּהָ֑ה like a medicine
Strong's: H1456
Word #: 4 of 8
a cure
וְר֥וּחַ spirit H7307
וְר֥וּחַ spirit
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 5 of 8
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה but a broken H5218
נְ֝כֵאָ֗ה but a broken
Strong's: H5218
Word #: 6 of 8
smitten, i.e., (figuratively) afflicted
תְּיַבֶּשׁ drieth H3001
תְּיַבֶּשׁ drieth
Strong's: H3001
Word #: 7 of 8
to be ashamed, confused or disappointed; also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as herbage)
גָּֽרֶם׃ the bones H1634
גָּֽרֶם׃ the bones
Strong's: H1634
Word #: 8 of 8
a bone (as the skeleton of the body); hence, self, i.e., (figuratively) very

Analysis & Commentary

This proverb connects emotional state to physical health: 'A merry heart doeth good like a medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones.' The 'merry heart' (lev sameach—joyful, cheerful heart) produces beneficial effects comparable to medicine (gehah—healing). Modern medicine confirms the connection between mental/emotional health and physical wellbeing. Conversely, 'a broken spirit' (ruach nekhe'ah—crushed, discouraged spirit) causes physical deterioration—'drieth the bones' suggests weakening one's core vitality. This wisdom validates the profound interconnection of body, soul, and spirit, recognizing that spiritual and emotional health affect physical health.

Historical Context

Ancient medicine lacked modern understanding of psychosomatic connections, yet experiential wisdom recognized that joy and sorrow affect physical health. Biblical anthropology views humans holistically—body and spirit intertwined, not separate compartments. Greek dualism would later separate physical and spiritual, but Hebrew thought maintained their integration. This proverb reflects that holistic perspective.

Questions for Reflection