Obadiah 1:16
For as ye have drunk upon my holy mountain, so shall all the heathen drink continually, yea, they shall drink, and they shall swallow down, and they shall be as though they had not been.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
When Jerusalem fell (586 BC), surrounding nations—including Edom—celebrated, perhaps literally drinking victory wine on Zion's ruins. But God decreed reciprocal judgment: they would drink the wine of His wrath. Jeremiah 25:15-29 commands the prophet to make all nations drink the cup of God's fury, specifically including Edom. Historically, this was fulfilled as Edom and other nations faced conquest and judgment. Ultimately, all who rebel against God will 'drink and swallow down' judgment until they cease to exist. Only those who trust Christ—who drank judgment's cup for us—escape this fate.
Questions for Reflection
- How does the metaphor of drinking God's wrath cup communicate the reality and horror of divine judgment?
- In what ways does Christ's drinking the cup of God's wrath (Matthew 26:39) demonstrate substitutionary atonement?
- How should the certainty of judgment on those who celebrate God's people's suffering shape believers' response to persecution?
Analysis & Commentary
For as ye have drunk upon my holy mountain, so shall all the heathen drink continually—God addresses either Edom and nations who celebrated on Zion's ruins, or Jews who experienced judgment. "Drunk upon my holy mountain" (שְׁתִיתֶם עַל־הַר קָדְשִׁי, shetitem al-har qodshi) likely refers to nations celebrating Jerusalem's fall, drinking victory wine on Mount Zion. The principle of reciprocal judgment: as you drank in celebration, so nations will drink God's wrath. "All the heathen drink continually" (יִשְׁתּוּ כָל־הַגּוֹיִם תָּמִיד, yishtu chol-haggoyim tamid)—perpetual drinking of judgment.
Yea, they shall drink, and they shall swallow down, and they shall be as though they had not been (וְשָׁתוּ וְלָעוּ וְהָיוּ כְּלוֹא הָיוּ, veshatu vela'u vehayu khelo hayu)—progressive intensification: drinking, gulping down, disappearing into non-existence. The cup of God's wrath is a pervasive biblical metaphor (Psalm 75:8, Isaiah 51:17, Jeremiah 25:15-29, Revelation 14:10, 16:19). Those who celebrate God's people's suffering will drink this cup themselves. Yet Christ drank the cup of God's wrath in our place (Matthew 26:39, 42), allowing believers to drink the cup of salvation (Psalm 116:13) and blessing at the Lord's Table (1 Corinthians 10:16).