Numbers 8:21

Authorized King James Version

And the Levites were purified, and they washed their clothes; and Aaron offered them as an offering before the LORD; and Aaron made an atonement for them to cleanse them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽתְחַטְּא֣וּ
were purified
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
#2
הַלְוִיִּ֗ם
And the Levites
a levite or descendant of levi
#3
וַֽיְכַבְּסוּ֙
and they washed
to trample; hence, to wash (properly, by stamping with the feet), whether literal (including the fulling process) or figurative
#4
בִּגְדֵיהֶ֔ם
their clothes
a covering, i.e., clothing
#5
וַיָּ֨נֶף
offered
to quiver (i.e., vibrate up and down, or rock to and fro); used in a great variety of applications (including sprinkling, beckoning, rubbing, bastinad
#6
אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן
and Aaron
aharon, the brother of moses
#7
אֹתָ֛ם
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
תְּנוּפָ֖ה
them as an offering
a brandishing (in threat); by implication, tumult; specifically, the official undulation of sacrificial offerings
#9
לִפְנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#10
יְהוָ֑ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
וַיְכַפֵּ֧ר
made an atonement
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
#12
עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן
and Aaron
aharon, the brother of moses
#14
לְטַֽהֲרָֽם׃
for them to cleanse
to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated; levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Numbers, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine sovereignty connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine sovereignty, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Numbers.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Numbers Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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