Numbers 35:4

Authorized King James Version

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And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about.

Original Language Analysis

וּמִגְרְשֵׁי֙ And the suburbs H4054
וּמִגְרְשֵׁי֙ And the suburbs
Strong's: H4054
Word #: 1 of 11
a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea
הָעִיר֙ of the cities H5892
הָעִיר֙ of the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 2 of 11
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 3 of 11
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תִּתְּנ֖וּ which ye shall give H5414
תִּתְּנ֖וּ which ye shall give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 4 of 11
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לַלְוִיִּ֑ם unto the Levites H3881
לַלְוִיִּ֑ם unto the Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 5 of 11
a levite or descendant of levi
מִקִּ֤יר shall reach from the wall H7023
מִקִּ֤יר shall reach from the wall
Strong's: H7023
Word #: 6 of 11
a wall (as built in a trench)
הָעִיר֙ of the cities H5892
הָעִיר֙ of the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 7 of 11
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וָח֔וּצָה and outward H2351
וָח֔וּצָה and outward
Strong's: H2351
Word #: 8 of 11
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
אֶ֥לֶף a thousand H505
אֶ֥לֶף a thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 9 of 11
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
אַמָּ֖ה cubits H520
אַמָּ֖ה cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 10 of 11
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
סָבִֽיב׃ round about H5439
סָבִֽיב׃ round about
Strong's: H5439
Word #: 11 of 11
(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

Analysis & Commentary

And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about—The specific measurement (אֶ֥לֶף בָּאַמָּ֖ה, ʾeleḵ bāʾammāh, thousand by the cubit) shows God's concern for precise, equitable provision. One thousand cubits (approximately 1,500 feet or 450 meters) from the city wall created substantial common land for each Levitical city.

God's attention to measurement prevents exploitation—the Levites couldn't be shorted their due, nor could they claim excessive territory. This precision in Torah reflects God's character: He is a God of justice and order. The careful delineation of sacred space and provision extends from tabernacle measurements (Exodus 25-27) to the New Jerusalem's dimensions (Revelation 21:16). God's kingdom operates by covenant definition, not vague sentiment.

Historical Context

A cubit (אַמָּה, ʾammāh) was approximately 18 inches or 45 centimeters, based on the length from elbow to fingertip. The thousand-cubit measurement appears here and is further specified in verse 5. This created a substantial buffer zone around each city for agricultural and pastoral use. Ancient Near Eastern land grants typically included such measurements to prevent boundary disputes.

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