Numbers 35:3

Authorized King James Version

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And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts.

Original Language Analysis

וְהָי֧וּ H1961
וְהָי֧וּ
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 10
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הֶֽעָרִ֛ים And the cities H5892
הֶֽעָרִ֛ים And the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 2 of 10
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
לָהֶ֖ם H0
לָהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 10
לָשָׁ֑בֶת shall they have to dwell in H3427
לָשָׁ֑בֶת shall they have to dwell in
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֗ם and the suburbs H4054
וּמִגְרְשֵׁיהֶ֗ם and the suburbs
Strong's: H4054
Word #: 5 of 10
a suburb (i.e., open country whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area around a building, or the margin of the sea
יִֽהְי֤וּ H1961
יִֽהְי֤וּ
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 6 of 10
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לִבְהֶמְתָּם֙ of them shall be for their cattle H929
לִבְהֶמְתָּם֙ of them shall be for their cattle
Strong's: H929
Word #: 7 of 10
properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
וְלִרְכֻשָׁ֔ם and for their goods H7399
וְלִרְכֻשָׁ֔ם and for their goods
Strong's: H7399
Word #: 8 of 10
property (as gathered)
וּלְכֹ֖ל H3605
וּלְכֹ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 9 of 10
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
חַיָּתָֽם׃ and for all their beasts H2416
חַיָּתָֽם׃ and for all their beasts
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 10 of 10
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

Analysis & Commentary

And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts—God's provision was comprehensive: not just housing (cities) but also מִגְרָשׁ (miḡrāš, suburbs/pasture lands) for livestock and possessions. The Levites' spiritual calling didn't negate physical needs—God ordained material provision for those who serve Him.

The inclusion of 'cattle...goods...beasts' shows that ministry support isn't merely subsistence but adequate provision for family, possessions, and economic stability. Paul echoes this in 1 Timothy 5:17-18: elders who labor in preaching are 'worthy of double honor.' The Levitical system modeled that those who serve the altar should live from the altar, but with dignity and sufficiency, not poverty.

Historical Context

Levitical cities were functioning towns with surrounding pasturelands, not isolated religious compounds. Levites lived among their fellow Israelites, raising families, tending flocks, and engaging in normal economic life while fulfilling their priestly and teaching duties. The suburban lands extended 1,000-2,000 cubits from the city walls (v. 4-5), providing adequate grazing and agricultural space.

Questions for Reflection

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