Numbers 34:17

Authorized King James Version

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These are the names of the men which shall divide the land unto you: Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun.

Original Language Analysis

אֵ֚לֶּה H428
אֵ֚לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 1 of 13
these or those
שְׁמ֣וֹת These are the names H8034
שְׁמ֣וֹת These are the names
Strong's: H8034
Word #: 2 of 13
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים H376
הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 13
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 13
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִנְחֲל֥וּ which shall divide H5157
יִנְחֲל֥וּ which shall divide
Strong's: H5157
Word #: 5 of 13
to inherit (as a (figurative) mode of descent), or (generally) to occupy; causatively, to bequeath, or (generally) distribute, instate
לָכֶ֖ם H0
לָכֶ֖ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 6 of 13
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָאָ֑רֶץ the land H776
הָאָ֑רֶץ the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 8 of 13
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
אֶלְעָזָר֙ unto you Eleazar H499
אֶלְעָזָר֙ unto you Eleazar
Strong's: H499
Word #: 9 of 13
elazar, the name of seven israelites
הַכֹּהֵ֔ן the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֔ן the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 10 of 13
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ and Joshua H3091
וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ and Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 11 of 13
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
בִּן the son H1121
בִּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 12 of 13
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
נֽוּן׃ of Nun H5126
נֽוּן׃ of Nun
Strong's: H5126
Word #: 13 of 13
nun or non, the father of joshua

Analysis & Commentary

God designates those who 'shall divide the land unto you: Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun.' The combination of priest (Eleazar) and leader (Joshua) ensured both spiritual and practical oversight in land distribution. The Hebrew 'nachal' (divide/inherit) indicates apportioning tribal inheritances by divine lot. This partnership of priestly and governmental leadership typified Israel's theocracy - God ruled through appointed mediators. Christ combines both offices perfectly - our great High Priest and coming King, ensuring perfect distribution of spiritual inheritance to believers. The church similarly has spiritual leaders and administrators, both gifts from Christ (Eph 4:11-12).

Historical Context

Eleazar succeeded his father Aaron as high priest (Num 20:25-28). Joshua, Moses' successor, led military conquest. Together they oversaw land distribution using Urim and Thummim for casting lots (Josh 14-19). This ensured fair, divinely-directed distribution preventing favoritism or conflict. The tribal princes (v.18-28) represented each tribe in the process, providing accountability and acceptance. Moses gave these instructions on Moab's plains before his death (v.1), ensuring orderly transition. The system demonstrated that godly governance requires both spiritual insight (priestly) and practical leadership (governmental), anticipating Christ's combined offices and church leadership's diverse gifts working together.

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