Numbers 31:51

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּקַּ֨ח took H3947
וַיִּקַּ֨ח took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 1 of 10
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
מֹשֶׁ֜ה And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֜ה And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 2 of 10
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר and Eleazar H499
וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר and Eleazar
Strong's: H499
Word #: 3 of 10
elazar, the name of seven israelites
הַכֹּהֵ֛ן the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵ֛ן the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 4 of 10
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַזָּהָ֖ב the gold H2091
הַזָּהָ֖ב the gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 6 of 10
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם H853
מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כֹּ֖ל H3605
כֹּ֖ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 10
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
כְּלִ֥י jewels H3627
כְּלִ֥י jewels
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 9 of 10
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
מַֽעֲשֶֽׂה׃ of them even all wrought H4639
מַֽעֲשֶֽׂה׃ of them even all wrought
Strong's: H4639
Word #: 10 of 10
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

Analysis & Commentary

And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels—Moses and Eleazar received gold offerings (זָהָב zahav) described as wrought jewels (כְּלִי מַעֲשֶׂה keli ma'aseh, 'vessels of craftsmanship'), indicating elaborate metalwork rather than raw gold. This voluntary offering (v.50) from military officers expressed gratitude that no soldiers died in the Midianite campaign (v.49)—a miraculous preservation requiring thankful acknowledgment.

The officers' grateful response models proper stewardship: recognizing God's deliverance and responding with generous offerings. Their attitude contrasts with Achan's secret hoarding of war spoils (Joshua 7), bringing judgment on Israel. The New Testament teaches: 'Freely you have received, freely give' (Matthew 10:8)—blessings incur stewardship responsibility, not ownership entitlement.

Historical Context

The Midianite war (Numbers 31) avenged Midian's seduction scheme at Baal-peor (Numbers 25:16-18; 31:16). The miraculous zero-casualty victory (31:49) among 12,000 Israelite warriors in ancient combat was unprecedented, prompting officers' voluntary 16,750-shekel gold offering (31:52)—approximately 420 pounds of gold, a massive treasury contribution.

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