Numbers 31:38

Authorized King James Version

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And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve.

Original Language Analysis

וְהַ֨בָּקָ֔ר And the beeves H1241
וְהַ֨בָּקָ֔ר And the beeves
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 1 of 8
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
שִׁשָּׁ֥ה and six H8337
שִׁשָּׁ֥ה and six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 2 of 8
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים were thirty H7970
וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים were thirty
Strong's: H7970
Word #: 3 of 8
thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth
אָ֑לֶף thousand H505
אָ֑לֶף thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 4 of 8
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
וּמִכְסָ֥ם tribute H4371
וּמִכְסָ֥ם tribute
Strong's: H4371
Word #: 5 of 8
an assessment (as based upon a census)
לַֽיהוָ֖ה of which the LORD'S H3068
לַֽיהוָ֖ה of which the LORD'S
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 6 of 8
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
שְׁנַ֥יִם H8147
שְׁנַ֥יִם
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 7 of 8
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃ was threescore and twelve H7657
וְשִׁבְעִֽים׃ was threescore and twelve
Strong's: H7657
Word #: 8 of 8
seventy

Analysis & Commentary

And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve—The Hebrew baqar (בָּקָר, 'cattle/oxen') represented substantial wealth in ancient agrarian economies. The 72 cattle given to the Levitical priesthood (0.2% of 36,000) provided both sustenance and sacrificial animals for tabernacle service. This systematic allocation ensured those who served God's sanctuary received material support from spoils gained through God's power.

The principle that 'the laborer deserves his wages' (Luke 10:7, 1 Timothy 5:18) finds early expression here. God ordained that spiritual leaders receive tangible provision from the community they serve.

Historical Context

Cattle in the Ancient Near East served multiple functions: agricultural labor, dairy production, leather, and sacrificial offerings. The substantial number (36,000) indicates Midian's considerable pastoral wealth. Eleazar the priest (Aaron's son) administered these resources for tabernacle operations.

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