Numbers 3:10

Authorized King James Version

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And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall wait on their priest's office: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

Original Language Analysis

וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אַֽהֲרֹ֤ן Aaron H175
אַֽהֲרֹ֤ן Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 2 of 11
aharon, the brother of moses
וְאֶת H853
וְאֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בָּנָיו֙ and his sons H1121
בָּנָיו֙ and his sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 4 of 11
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
תִּפְקֹ֔ד And thou shalt appoint H6485
תִּפְקֹ֔ד And thou shalt appoint
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 5 of 11
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
וְשָֽׁמְר֖וּ and they shall wait on H8104
וְשָֽׁמְר֖וּ and they shall wait on
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 6 of 11
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 7 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כְּהֻנָּתָ֑ם their priest's office H3550
כְּהֻנָּתָ֑ם their priest's office
Strong's: H3550
Word #: 8 of 11
priesthood
וְהַזָּ֥ר and the stranger H2114
וְהַזָּ֥ר and the stranger
Strong's: H2114
Word #: 9 of 11
to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
הַקָּרֵ֖ב that cometh nigh H7131
הַקָּרֵ֖ב that cometh nigh
Strong's: H7131
Word #: 10 of 11
near
יוּמָֽת׃ shall be put to death H4191
יוּמָֽת׃ shall be put to death
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 11 of 11
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis & Commentary

God commands: 'the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.' The Hebrew 'zar' (stranger/unauthorized person) refers to non-priests, including Levites and ordinary Israelites, who approached priestly duties. This death penalty protected God's holiness and the priesthood's integrity. Korah's rebellion (ch 16) demonstrated this principle's seriousness - usurping priestly authority brought divine judgment. This foreshadows the truth that we approach God only through Christ our great High Priest (Heb 4:14-16). Attempting to approach God through any other mediator, our own righteousness, or religious works incurs spiritual death (John 14:6).

Historical Context

This law was dramatically illustrated when Korah's company (250 leaders) offered incense - a priestly prerogative - and divine fire consumed them (Num 16:35). Similarly, King Uzziah's unauthorized entry to burn incense resulted in leprosy (2 Chr 26:16-21). These judgments demonstrated that God's appointments aren't negotiable based on personal ambition or perceived qualification. The system protected against chaos and maintained ordered worship. Under the new covenant, Christ alone mediates; we approach God through Him, not our own efforts or supposed worthiness.

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