Numbers 21:19

Authorized King James Version

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And from Mattanah to Nahaliel: and from Nahaliel to Bamoth:

Original Language Analysis

וּמִמַּתָּנָ֖ה And from Mattanah H4980
וּמִמַּתָּנָ֖ה And from Mattanah
Strong's: H4980
Word #: 1 of 4
mattanah, a place in the desert
וּמִנַּֽחֲלִיאֵ֖ל and from Nahaliel H5160
וּמִנַּֽחֲלִיאֵ֖ל and from Nahaliel
Strong's: H5160
Word #: 2 of 4
nachaliel, a place in the desert
וּמִנַּֽחֲלִיאֵ֖ל and from Nahaliel H5160
וּמִנַּֽחֲלִיאֵ֖ל and from Nahaliel
Strong's: H5160
Word #: 3 of 4
nachaliel, a place in the desert
בָּמֽוֹת׃ to Bamoth H1120
בָּמֽוֹת׃ to Bamoth
Strong's: H1120
Word #: 4 of 4
bamoth or bamoth-baal, a place east of the jordan

Analysis & Commentary

From Mattanah to Nahaliel: and from Nahaliel to Bamoth—These three place names form a wordplay pregnant with meaning: Mattanah (מַתָּנָה, "gift"), Nahaliel (נַחֲלִיאֵל, "valley of God"), and Bamoth (בָּמוֹת, "high places"). The progression maps spiritual ascent: from God's gift, through God's valley, to elevated worship. Whether intentional naming or Moses' theological reading of geography, the sequence preaches.

Israel's physical journey became parabolic. God's gifts lead through valleys (testing, formation) to heights (victory, worship). The toponyms suggest every encampment taught covenant truth—geography as pedagogy.

Historical Context

These locations were in the Moabite highlands north of the Arnon. Bamoth appears elsewhere as Bamoth-baal (Numbers 22:41), suggesting Canaanite high-place worship that Israel would later confront. The journey brought them progressively higher, both geographically and toward conflict with Canaanite religion.

Questions for Reflection

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