Numbers 20:10

Authorized King James Version

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And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock?

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּקְהִ֜לוּ gathered H6950
וַיַּקְהִ֜לוּ gathered
Strong's: H6950
Word #: 1 of 19
to convoke
מֹשֶׁ֧ה And Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֧ה And Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 2 of 19
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
וְאַֽהֲרֹ֛ן and Aaron H175
וְאַֽהֲרֹ֛ן and Aaron
Strong's: H175
Word #: 3 of 19
aharon, the brother of moses
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 19
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַקָּהָ֖ל the congregation H6951
הַקָּהָ֖ל the congregation
Strong's: H6951
Word #: 5 of 19
assemblage (usually concretely)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 19
near, with or among; often in general, to
פְּנֵ֣י together before H6440
פְּנֵ֣י together before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 7 of 19
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַסֶּ֣לַע out of this rock H5553
הַסֶּ֣לַע out of this rock
Strong's: H5553
Word #: 8 of 19
a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and he said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר and he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 9 of 19
to say (used with great latitude)
לָהֶ֗ם H0
לָהֶ֗ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 10 of 19
שִׁמְעוּ unto them Hear H8085
שִׁמְעוּ unto them Hear
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 11 of 19
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
נָא֙ H4994
נָא֙
Strong's: H4994
Word #: 12 of 19
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
הַמֹּרִ֔ים now ye rebels H4784
הַמֹּרִ֔ים now ye rebels
Strong's: H4784
Word #: 13 of 19
to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
הֲמִן H4480
הֲמִן
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 14 of 19
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַסֶּ֣לַע out of this rock H5553
הַסֶּ֣לַע out of this rock
Strong's: H5553
Word #: 15 of 19
a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
הַזֶּ֔ה H2088
הַזֶּ֔ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 16 of 19
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
נוֹצִ֥יא must we fetch H3318
נוֹצִ֥יא must we fetch
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 17 of 19
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
לָכֶ֖ם H0
לָכֶ֖ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 18 of 19
מָֽיִם׃ you water H4325
מָֽיִם׃ you water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 19 of 19
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

Analysis & Commentary

Moses and Aaron gather the assembly before the rock, and Moses addresses them: 'Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock?' Moses' frustration erupts in harsh words and the plural 'we' (instead of crediting God alone). This momentary lapse—taking credit for God's miracle—cost Moses entry into Canaan, showing how even great leaders must guard against pride in ministry.

Historical Context

This incident contrasts with earlier water-from-rock miracle at Rephidim (Exodus 17:6), where Moses obeyed exactly. Years of patient leadership under constant complaint apparently accumulated, resulting in this flash of frustrated pride.

Questions for Reflection

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