Matthew 23:27

Authorized King James Version

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Οὐαὶ
Woe
woe
#2
ὑμῖν
unto you
to (with or by) you
#3
γραμματεῖς
scribes
a professional writer
#4
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
Φαρισαῖοι
Pharisees
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
#6
ὑποκριταί
hypocrites
an actor under an assumed character (stage-player), i.e., (figuratively) a dissembler ("hypocrite"
#7
ὅτι
! for
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#8
παρομοιάζετε
ye are like
to resemble
#9
τάφοις
sepulchres
a grave (the place of interment)
#10
κεκονιαμένοις
unto whited
to whitewash
#11
οἵτινες
which
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
#12
ἔξωθεν
outward
external(-ly)
#13
μὲν
indeed
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#14
φαίνονται
appear
to lighten (shine), i.e., show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)
#15
ὡραῖοι
beautiful
belonging to the right hour or season (timely), i.e., (by implication) flourishing (beauteous (figuratively))
#16
ἔσωθεν
are within
from inside; also used as equivalent to g2080 (inside)
#17
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#18
γέμουσιν
full
to swell out, i.e., be full
#19
ὀστέων
men's bones
a bone
#20
νεκρῶν
of dead
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)
#21
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#22
πάσης
of all
all, any, every, the whole
#23
ἀκαθαρσίας
uncleanness
impurity (the quality), physically or morally

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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