Matthew 23:22

Authorized King James Version

And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
ὀμνύει
he that shall swear
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#4
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#5
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
οὐρανῷ
heaven
the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)
#7
ὀμνύει
he that shall swear
to swear, i.e., take (or declare on) oath
#8
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#9
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
θρόνῳ
the throne
a stately seat ("throne"); by implication, power or (concretely) a potentate
#11
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#13
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#15
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
καθημένῳ
him that sitteth
and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside
#17
ἐπάνω
up above, i.e., over or on (of place, amount, rank, etc.)
#18
αὐτοῦ
thereon
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the kingdom of God theme central to Matthew. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of kingdom of God within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within gospel presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish Messianic hope to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The first-century Palestinian Jewish culture under Roman occupation would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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