Matthew 19:3

Authorized King James Version

The Pharisees also came unto him, tempting him, and saying unto him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
προσῆλθον
came
to approach, i.e., (literally) come near, visit, or (figuratively) worship, assent to
#3
αὐτοῦ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#4
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
Φαρισαῖοι
The Pharisees
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
#6
πειράζοντες
tempting
to test (objectively), i.e., endeavor, scrutinize, entice, discipline
#7
αὐτοῦ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#8
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#9
λέγοντες
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#10
αὐτοῦ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#11
Εἰ
Is it lawful
if, whether, that, etc
#12
ἔξεστιν
so also ???? <pronunciation strongs="ex-on'"/> neuter present participle of the same (with or without some form of g1510 expressed); impersonally, it
#13
ἀνθρώπῳ
for a man
man-faced, i.e., a human being
#14
ἀπολῦσαι
to put away
to free fully, i.e., (literally) relieve, release, dismiss (reflexively, depart), or (figuratively) let die, pardon or (specially) divorce
#15
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
γυναῖκα
wife
a woman; specially, a wife
#17
αὐτοῦ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#18
κατὰ
for
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#19
πᾶσαν
every
all, any, every, the whole
#20
αἰτίαν
cause
a cause (as if asked for), i.e., (logical) reason (motive, matter), (legal) crime (alleged or proved)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Matthew. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to gospel presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish Messianic hope, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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