Matthew 16:12

Authorized King James Version

Then understood they how that he bade them not beware of the leaven of bread, but of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τότε
Then
the when, i.e., at the time that (of the past or future, also in consecution)
#2
συνῆκαν
understood they
to put together, i.e., (mentally) to comprehend; by implication, to act piously
#3
ὅτι
how that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
οὐκ
them not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#5
εἶπεν
he bade
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#6
προσέχειν
beware
(figuratively) to hold the mind (3563 implied) towards, i.e., pay attention to, be cautious about, apply oneself to, adhere to
#7
ἀπὸ
of
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#8
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ζύμης
the leaven
ferment (as if boiling up)
#10
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
ἄρτου,
of bread
bread (as raised) or a loaf
#12
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#13
ἀπὸ
of
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#14
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
διδαχῆς
the doctrine
instruction (the act or the matter)
#16
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
Φαρισαίων
of the Pharisees
a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary
#18
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#19
Σαδδουκαίων
of the Sadducees
a sadducaean (i.e., tsadokian), or follower of a certain heretical israelite

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Jewish biographical literature presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Scripture shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Matthew Understanding a worldview expecting divine intervention through a promised Messiah helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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