Matthew 15:2

Authorized King James Version

Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eat bread.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Διατί
Why
through what cause ?, i.e., why?
#2
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
μαθηταί
disciples
a learner, i.e., pupil
#4
σου
do thy
of thee, thy
#5
παραβαίνουσιν
transgress
to go contrary to, i.e., violate a command
#6
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
παράδοσιν
the tradition
transmission, i.e., (concretely) a precept; specially, the jewish traditionary law
#8
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
πρεσβυτέρων
of the elders
older; as noun, a senior; specially, an israelite sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or christian "presbyter"
#10
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#11
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#12
νίπτονται
they wash
to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution
#13
τὰς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
χεῖρας
hands
the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)
#15
αὐτῶν
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
ὅταν
when
whenever (implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty); also causatively (conjunctionally) inasmuch as
#17
ἄρτον
bread
bread (as raised) or a loaf
#18
ἐσθίωσιν
they eat
used only in certain tenses, the rest being supplied by g5315; to eat (usually literal)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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