Matthew 10:42

Authorized King James Version

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And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὃς G3739
ὃς
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 2 of 23
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἐὰν whosoever G1437
ἐὰν whosoever
Strong's: G1437
Word #: 3 of 23
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
ποτίσῃ shall give to drink G4222
ποτίσῃ shall give to drink
Strong's: G4222
Word #: 4 of 23
to furnish drink, irrigate
ἕνα unto one G1520
ἕνα unto one
Strong's: G1520
Word #: 5 of 23
one
τῶν G3588
τῶν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μικρῶν little ones G3398
μικρῶν little ones
Strong's: G3398
Word #: 7 of 23
small (in size, quantity, number or (figuratively) dignity)
τούτων of these G5130
τούτων of these
Strong's: G5130
Word #: 8 of 23
of (from or concerning) these (persons or things)
ποτήριον a cup G4221
ποτήριον a cup
Strong's: G4221
Word #: 9 of 23
a drinking-vessel; by extension, the contents thereof, i.e., a cupful (draught); figuratively, a lot or fate
ψυχροῦ of cold G5593
ψυχροῦ of cold
Strong's: G5593
Word #: 10 of 23
chilly (literally or figuratively)
μόνον water only G3440
μόνον water only
Strong's: G3440
Word #: 11 of 23
merely
εἰς in G1519
εἰς in
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 12 of 23
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
ὄνομα the name G3686
ὄνομα the name
Strong's: G3686
Word #: 13 of 23
a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)
μαθητοῦ of a disciple G3101
μαθητοῦ of a disciple
Strong's: G3101
Word #: 14 of 23
a learner, i.e., pupil
ἀμὴν verily G281
ἀμὴν verily
Strong's: G281
Word #: 15 of 23
properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)
λέγω I say G3004
λέγω I say
Strong's: G3004
Word #: 16 of 23
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
ὑμῖν unto you G5213
ὑμῖν unto you
Strong's: G5213
Word #: 17 of 23
to (with or by) you
οὐ G3756
οὐ
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 18 of 23
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
μὴ G3361
μὴ
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 19 of 23
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἀπολέσῃ lose G622
ἀπολέσῃ lose
Strong's: G622
Word #: 20 of 23
to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 21 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μισθὸν reward G3408
μισθὸν reward
Strong's: G3408
Word #: 22 of 23
pay for service (literally or figuratively), good or bad
αὐτοῦ G846
αὐτοῦ
Strong's: G846
Word #: 23 of 23
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus concludes with stunning assurance: 'whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.' The diminishment from prophet to 'little ones' (μικρῶν/mikrōn) and from substantial hospitality to 'cup of cold water' emphasizes that no act of service, however small, goes unnoticed when done for Christ's sake. The phrase 'in the name of a disciple' is crucial—it's not random kindness but service rendered specifically because someone belongs to Christ. The double negative 'in no wise lose' (οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ/ou mē apolesē) is emphatic: absolute certainty of reward. This verse demonstrates God's grace—He rewards even minimal service done in faith. It also democratizes ministry: not everyone can support prophets substantially, but anyone can offer basic kindness to Christ's followers.

Historical Context

In Palestine's arid climate, cold water was precious and refreshing—wells and springs were valued resources. Offering cold water to travelers was basic hospitality but required effort: drawing from wells, maintaining supplies. The 'little ones' likely refers to Jesus's disciples, not children—they were insignificant in worldly terms, possessing no wealth, power, or status. Early Christianity appealed largely to lower classes (1 Corinthians 1:26-29), so believers' acts of service often involved simple gifts like food, water, clothing. The promise of reward echoes Old Testament teaching that God notices every act of kindness (Proverbs 19:17, 11:24-25). This verse grounded countless acts of charity: monastics serving the poor, believers hosting persecuted Christians, believers sharing scarce resources.

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