Mark 3:31

Authorized King James Version

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There came then his brethren and his mother, and, standing without, sent unto him, calling him.

Original Language Analysis

ἔρχονται There came G2064
ἔρχονται There came
Strong's: G2064
Word #: 1 of 16
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
οῦν then G3767
οῦν then
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 2 of 16
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀδελφοὶ brethren G80
ἀδελφοὶ brethren
Strong's: G80
Word #: 4 of 16
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 16
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μήτηρ his mother G3384
μήτηρ his mother
Strong's: G3384
Word #: 7 of 16
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 8 of 16
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 9 of 16
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἔξω without G1854
ἔξω without
Strong's: G1854
Word #: 10 of 16
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively
ἑστῶτες standing G2476
ἑστῶτες standing
Strong's: G2476
Word #: 11 of 16
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
ἀπέστειλαν sent G649
ἀπέστειλαν sent
Strong's: G649
Word #: 12 of 16
set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively
πρὸς unto G4314
πρὸς unto
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 13 of 16
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 14 of 16
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
φωνοῦντες calling G5455
φωνοῦντες calling
Strong's: G5455
Word #: 15 of 16
to emit a sound (animal, human or instrumental); by implication, to address in words or by name, also in imitation
αὐτόν him G846
αὐτόν him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 16 of 16
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus' 'brethren and his mother' come seeking Him. The word 'brethren' (ἀδελφοί) refers to Jesus' half-brothers—Mary's sons born after Jesus. They 'stood without' (outside) sending message, 'calling him'—summoning Him to come out. Their presence interrupts Jesus' teaching. Verse 21 indicates His family thought He was 'beside himself' (mentally unbalanced) and came to restrain Him. This reveals that even His family initially didn't believe (John 7:5), struggling to understand His mission. Their attempted intervention demonstrates how radical discipleship challenges family loyalties.

Historical Context

Jewish culture emphasized family obligation and honor. For Jesus to ignore family summons would be culturally shocking, seen as dishonoring parents and relatives. His half-brothers James, Joses, Judas, and Simon are mentioned in Mark 6:3. Initially skeptical, they later became believers after resurrection—James became Jerusalem church leader and wrote the epistle bearing his name. Mary's presence suggests maternal concern for Jesus' wellbeing given religious opposition and exhausting ministry demands. Extended families lived in close proximity and exercised strong social pressure for conformity.

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