Mark 12:8

Authorized King James Version

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And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 9
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
λαβόντες they took G2983
λαβόντες they took
Strong's: G2983
Word #: 2 of 9
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
αὐτόν, him G846
αὐτόν, him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 3 of 9
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἀπέκτειναν and killed G615
ἀπέκτειναν and killed
Strong's: G615
Word #: 4 of 9
to kill outright; figuratively, to destroy
καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 5 of 9
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐξέβαλον cast G1544
ἐξέβαλον cast
Strong's: G1544
Word #: 6 of 9
to eject (literally or figuratively)
ἔξω him out of G1854
ἔξω him out of
Strong's: G1854
Word #: 7 of 9
out(-side) (of doors), literally or figuratively
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀμπελῶνος the vineyard G290
ἀμπελῶνος the vineyard
Strong's: G290
Word #: 9 of 9
a vineyard

Analysis & Commentary

They took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard—The murder is consummated. They ἐκβάλλω (ekballō, cast out, expel violently) the corpse beyond the vineyard's boundaries. This precisely foreshadows Jesus' crucifixion ἔξω (outside) the city gate (Hebrews 13:12)—killed and expelled as unclean.

The casting out is theologically loaded: like the scapegoat bearing sin outside the camp (Leviticus 16:21-22), like criminals executed outside the city (Leviticus 24:14), Jesus is 'cast out' as cursed. But the irony is profound—by expelling the heir, the tenants forfeit everything. Their murder secures not the inheritance but their destruction. Christ's rejection accomplishes the opposite of the tenants' intent: His death outside the camp becomes the very means of redemption.

Historical Context

Jesus was crucified at Golgotha, 'outside the gate' (Hebrews 13:12), fulfilling both this parable and the Levitical pattern of bearing sin outside the camp. The religious leaders (Sanhedrin) orchestrated His death, then manipulated Rome to execute Him, thus 'casting out' God's Son from Israel. Three days after Mark records this parable (Tuesday of Passion Week), it became historical fact (Friday crucifixion).

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