Mark 12:31

Authorized King James Version

And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
δευτέρα
the second
(ordinal) second (in time, place, or rank; also adverb)
#3
ὁμοία,
is like
similar (in appearance or character)
#4
αὕτη
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#5
Ἀγαπήσεις
G25
Thou shalt love
to love (in a social or moral sense)
#6
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
πλησίον
neighbour
(adverbially) close by; as noun, a neighbor, i.e., fellow (as man, countryman, christian or friend)
#8
σου
thy
of thee, thy
#9
ὡς
as
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#10
σεαυτόν
thyself
of (with, to) thyself
#11
μείζων
greater
larger (literally or figuratively, specially, in age)
#12
τούτων
than these
of (from or concerning) these (persons or things)
#13
ἄλλη
other
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
#14
ἐντολὴ
commandment
injunction, i.e., an authoritative prescription
#15
οὐκ
none
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#16
ἔστιν
There is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Mark. The concept of love reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The emotional and relational language employed here is characteristic of biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, emphasizing the personal nature of divine-human relationship. The original language emphasizes agape in Greek contexts or hesed in Hebrew, indicating covenantal loyalty, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show patron-client relationships and family loyalty concepts, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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