Mark 10:19

Authorized King James Version

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Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother.

Original Language Analysis

τὰς G3588
τὰς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 1 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐντολὰς the commandments G1785
ἐντολὰς the commandments
Strong's: G1785
Word #: 2 of 20
injunction, i.e., an authoritative prescription
οἶδας· Thou knowest G1492
οἶδας· Thou knowest
Strong's: G1492
Word #: 3 of 20
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 4 of 20
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
μοιχεύσῃς Do G3431
μοιχεύσῃς Do
Strong's: G3431
Word #: 5 of 20
to commit adultery
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 6 of 20
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
φονεύσῃς Do G5407
φονεύσῃς Do
Strong's: G5407
Word #: 7 of 20
to be a murderer (of)
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 8 of 20
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
κλέψῃς Do G2813
κλέψῃς Do
Strong's: G2813
Word #: 9 of 20
to filch
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 10 of 20
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς Do G5576
ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς Do
Strong's: G5576
Word #: 11 of 20
to be an untrue testifier, i.e., offer falsehood in evidence
Μὴ not G3361
Μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 12 of 20
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἀποστερήσῃς Defraud G650
ἀποστερήσῃς Defraud
Strong's: G650
Word #: 13 of 20
to despoil
Τίμα Honour G5091
Τίμα Honour
Strong's: G5091
Word #: 14 of 20
to prize, i.e., fix a valuation upon; by implication, to revere
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πατέρα father G3962
πατέρα father
Strong's: G3962
Word #: 16 of 20
a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)
σου thy G4675
σου thy
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 17 of 20
of thee, thy
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 18 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 19 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μητέρα mother G3384
μητέρα mother
Strong's: G3384
Word #: 20 of 20
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus responded, 'Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God' (Τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός). This isn't Jesus denying His goodness or deity but forcing the man to consider what 'good' means. If only God is good, and the man calls Jesus good, he must grapple with Jesus' identity. Is Jesus merely a human teacher or is He God incarnate? The question also exposes human inability to achieve goodness—'none good' includes all humanity apart from God. The man sought to 'do good' to earn life, but Jesus reveals that true goodness belongs exclusively to God. This prepares for Jesus' teaching that salvation is impossible for humans but possible for God (v. 27). Reformed theology emphasizes total inability—humans cannot achieve the goodness God requires; salvation requires divine intervention.

Historical Context

Jewish theology affirmed God's exclusive goodness and holiness (Psalm 145:9; Isaiah 6:3). Yet the man addressed Jesus as 'good' using term typically reserved for God. Jesus' question forced deeper reflection: was this mere flattery or recognition of Jesus' divine identity? The Pharisees rejected Jesus' deity, viewing His claims as blasphemy (Mark 2:7; 14:61-64). Jesus' question subtly pointed toward His true identity while exposing the man's incomplete understanding. Early Christological debates centered on Jesus' deity—Arians denied it, orthodoxy affirmed it (Nicene Creed). This passage became key text: Jesus' question doesn't deny deity but prompts recognition that if He is 'good,' He must be God.

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