Luke 5:31

Authorized King James Version

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And Jesus answering said unto them, They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.

Original Language Analysis

καὶ And G2532
καὶ And
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 1 of 17
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀποκριθεὶς answering G611
ἀποκριθεὶς answering
Strong's: G611
Word #: 2 of 17
to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
Ἰησοῦς Jesus G2424
Ἰησοῦς Jesus
Strong's: G2424
Word #: 4 of 17
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
εἶπεν said G2036
εἶπεν said
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 5 of 17
to speak or say (by word or writing)
πρὸς unto G4314
πρὸς unto
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 6 of 17
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
αὐτούς them G846
αὐτούς them
Strong's: G846
Word #: 7 of 17
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
Οὐ not G3756
Οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 8 of 17
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
χρείαν need G5532
χρείαν need
Strong's: G5532
Word #: 9 of 17
employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution
ἔχοντες· they that are G2192
ἔχοντες· they that are
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 10 of 17
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 11 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ὑγιαίνοντες They that are whole G5198
ὑγιαίνοντες They that are whole
Strong's: G5198
Word #: 12 of 17
to have sound health, i.e., be well (in body); figuratively, to be uncorrupt (true in doctrine)
ἰατροῦ a physician G2395
ἰατροῦ a physician
Strong's: G2395
Word #: 13 of 17
a physician
ἀλλ' but G235
ἀλλ' but
Strong's: G235
Word #: 14 of 17
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
οἱ G3588
οἱ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 15 of 17
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κακῶς sick G2560
κακῶς sick
Strong's: G2560
Word #: 16 of 17
badly (physically or morally)
ἔχοντες· they that are G2192
ἔχοντες· they that are
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 17 of 17
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus responds to Pharisees' criticism: 'They that are whole need not a physician; but they that are sick.' This proverb illustrates spiritual reality—those who recognize their spiritual sickness seek the Physician (Jesus), while those who consider themselves spiritually healthy see no need for Him. The Pharisees' self-righteousness blinded them to their desperate need. Jesus doesn't claim some people are actually spiritually healthy but that those who think they are won't seek healing. Recognizing our sickness is the first step toward receiving the cure.

Historical Context

Physicians in the ancient world treated those acknowledging illness, not those claiming health. Jesus applies this obvious truth spiritually—He came for sinners who recognize their condition, not for self-righteous people who deny their need. The Pharisees' objection to Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners (v. 30) revealed their assumption of moral superiority. Jesus exposes their spiritual blindness—they need the Physician as much as obvious sinners but refuse to acknowledge it. This principle explains why Jesus received prostitutes and tax collectors but opposed Pharisees—not because the former were better but because they admitted their need.

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