Luke 20:38

Authorized King James Version

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For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.

Original Language Analysis

θεὸς a God G2316
θεὸς a God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 1 of 11
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
δὲ For G1161
δὲ For
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 11
but, and, etc
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 3 of 11
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔστιν he is G2076
ἔστιν he is
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 4 of 11
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
νεκρῶν of the dead G3498
νεκρῶν of the dead
Strong's: G3498
Word #: 5 of 11
dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun)
ἀλλὰ but G235
ἀλλὰ but
Strong's: G235
Word #: 6 of 11
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
ζῶσιν live G2198
ζῶσιν live
Strong's: G2198
Word #: 7 of 11
to live (literally or figuratively)
πάντες all G3956
πάντες all
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 8 of 11
all, any, every, the whole
γὰρ for G1063
γὰρ for
Strong's: G1063
Word #: 9 of 11
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
αὐτῷ unto him G846
αὐτῷ unto him
Strong's: G846
Word #: 10 of 11
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ζῶσιν live G2198
ζῶσιν live
Strong's: G2198
Word #: 11 of 11
to live (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus declares: 'For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.' This statement follows Jesus' argument for resurrection from Exodus 3:6—God calling Himself 'God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' (v. 37) centuries after they died proves they still live. The phrase 'not a God of the dead' (Greek 'ouk estin theos nekrōn,' οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς νεκρῶν) indicates God doesn't form covenants with those who cease to exist. 'All live unto him' (Greek 'pantes autō zōsin,' πάντες αὐτῷ ζῶσιν) means all are alive to God—from His perspective, the patriarchs live. This establishes both resurrection and immortality of the soul.

Historical Context

Sadducees denied resurrection (v. 27), accepting only the Torah (first five books) as Scripture, which they claimed didn't teach resurrection. Jesus brilliantly argued from Exodus—a Torah text Sadducees accepted—to prove resurrection. His argument's logic: God's present-tense identification as 'God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' implies ongoing relationship, which requires their continued existence. Jews buried patriarchs centuries before Moses' burning bush encounter, yet God speaks of relationship in present tense. Early church emphasized resurrection as Christianity's foundation (1 Corinthians 15). This text also supports immortality—believers' souls continue consciously existing after death, awaiting bodily resurrection.

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