Luke 12:57

Authorized King James Version

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Yea, and why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?

Original Language Analysis

Τί and why G5101
Τί and why
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 1 of 9
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
δὲ Yea G1161
δὲ Yea
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 9
but, and, etc
καὶ even G2532
καὶ even
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 3 of 9
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀφ' of G575
ἀφ' of
Strong's: G575
Word #: 4 of 9
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
ἑαυτῶν yourselves G1438
ἑαυτῶν yourselves
Strong's: G1438
Word #: 5 of 9
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 6 of 9
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
κρίνετε judge ye G2919
κρίνετε judge ye
Strong's: G2919
Word #: 7 of 9
by implication, to try, condemn, punish
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 8 of 9
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δίκαιον what is right G1342
δίκαιον what is right
Strong's: G1342
Word #: 9 of 9
equitable (in character or act); by implication, innocent, holy (absolutely or relatively)

Analysis & Commentary

Yea, and why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right? (Τί δὲ καὶ ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον;)—Jesus appeals to innate moral capacity. The phrase aph heautōn (of yourselves, from within yourselves) indicates internal moral knowledge independent of external authority. To dikaion (what is right, the just thing) should be self-evident. Why don't they krinō (judge, discern) it?

This assumes humans possess God-given moral intuition—Paul's 'law written in their hearts' (Romans 2:15). Jesus implies his claims are self-evidently righteous; rejecting him requires suppressing internal witness. Their problem isn't lack of evidence but suppression of truth known innately. This echoes Romans 1:18-20: rejecting truth despite internal and external witness.

Historical Context

Jewish thought recognized both revealed law (Torah) and natural law accessible to Gentiles. Prophets appealed to innate moral sense when condemning injustice (Amos, Micah). Jesus's question suggests recognizing his messianic identity and righteous teaching shouldn't require additional signs—it should be self-evident to honest hearts seeking truth.

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