Leviticus 5:4

Authorized King James Version

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Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.

Original Language Analysis

א֣וֹ H176
א֣וֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 1 of 21
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
נֶ֡פֶשׁ Or if a soul H5315
נֶ֡פֶשׁ Or if a soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 2 of 21
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 21
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
תִשָּׁבַע֩ swear H7650
תִשָּׁבַע֩ swear
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 4 of 21
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
יְבַטֵּ֧א pronouncing H981
יְבַטֵּ֧א pronouncing
Strong's: H981
Word #: 5 of 21
to babble; hence, to vociferate angrily
בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם with his lips H8193
בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם with his lips
Strong's: H8193
Word #: 6 of 21
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
לְהָרַ֣ע׀ to do evil H7489
לְהָרַ֣ע׀ to do evil
Strong's: H7489
Word #: 7 of 21
properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e., bad (physically, socially or morally)
א֣וֹ H176
א֣וֹ
Strong's: H176
Word #: 8 of 21
desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if
לְהֵיטִ֗יב or to do good H3190
לְהֵיטִ֗יב or to do good
Strong's: H3190
Word #: 9 of 21
to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
לְ֠כֹל H3605
לְ֠כֹל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 11 of 21
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יְבַטֵּ֧א pronouncing H981
יְבַטֵּ֧א pronouncing
Strong's: H981
Word #: 12 of 21
to babble; hence, to vociferate angrily
הָֽאָדָ֛ם whatsoever it be that a man H120
הָֽאָדָ֛ם whatsoever it be that a man
Strong's: H120
Word #: 13 of 21
ruddy i.e., a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה with an oath H7621
בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה with an oath
Strong's: H7621
Word #: 14 of 21
properly, something sworn, i.e., an oath
וְנֶעְלַ֣ם and it be hid H5956
וְנֶעְלַ֣ם and it be hid
Strong's: H5956
Word #: 15 of 21
to veil from sight, i.e., conceal (literally or figuratively)
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ H4480
מִמֶּ֑נּוּ
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 16 of 21
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
וְהוּא H1931
וְהוּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 17 of 21
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
יָדַ֥ע from him when he knoweth H3045
יָדַ֥ע from him when he knoweth
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 18 of 21
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
וְאָשֵׁ֖ם of it then he shall be guilty H816
וְאָשֵׁ֖ם of it then he shall be guilty
Strong's: H816
Word #: 19 of 21
to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
לְאַחַ֥ת in one H259
לְאַחַ֥ת in one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 20 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ H428
מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃
Strong's: H428
Word #: 21 of 21
these or those

Analysis & Commentary

Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.

This verse falls within the section on Guilt Offerings. The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage.


Hebrews 9-10 explains how Christ's once-for-all sacrifice supersedes the repeated Levitical offerings, providing permanent cleansing from sin.

Historical Context

The guilt offering (אָשָׁם, asham) addressed specific trespasses requiring both sacrifice and restitution, emphasizing sin's relational damage. Leviticus was given to Israel at Mount Sinai, shortly after the tabernacle's construction described in Exodus. The name 'Leviticus' (from Latin Leviticus, referring to the Levites) reflects its focus on priestly duties, though the Hebrew title Wayyiqra ('And He called') emphasizes God's initiative in revealing these laws. The first seven chapters detail the five main offerings, providing both worshiper instructions and priestly procedures. Ancient Near Eastern cultures had various sacrificial systems, but Israel's sacrificial worship was unique in its ethical foundation, monotheistic framework, and emphasis on atonement rather than appeasement. Unlike pagan rituals focused on manipulating deities, Israel's sacrifices acknowledged God's sovereignty and sought reconciliation based on His gracious provision. Ancient texts like the Code of Hammurabi show that law codes were common in the ancient Near East, but biblical law uniquely grounded ethics in God's character rather than merely social convention.

Questions for Reflection

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