Leviticus 23:18

Authorized King James Version

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And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם And ye shall offer H7126
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם And ye shall offer
Strong's: H7126
Word #: 1 of 23
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 2 of 23
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַלֶּ֗חֶם with the bread H3899
הַלֶּ֗חֶם with the bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 3 of 23
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
שִׁבְעַ֨ת seven H7651
שִׁבְעַ֨ת seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 4 of 23
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
כְּבָשִׂ֤ים lambs H3532
כְּבָשִׂ֤ים lambs
Strong's: H3532
Word #: 5 of 23
a ram (just old enough to butt)
תְּמִימִם֙ without blemish H8549
תְּמִימִם֙ without blemish
Strong's: H8549
Word #: 6 of 23
entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth
בֶּן of the first H1121
בֶּן of the first
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 7 of 23
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
שָׁנָ֔ה year H8141
שָׁנָ֔ה year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 8 of 23
a year (as a revolution of time)
וּפַ֧ר bullock H6499
וּפַ֧ר bullock
Strong's: H6499
Word #: 9 of 23
a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)
בֶּן of the first H1121
בֶּן of the first
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 10 of 23
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בָּקָ֛ר young H1241
בָּקָ֛ר young
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 11 of 23
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
אֶחָ֖ד and one H259
אֶחָ֖ד and one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 12 of 23
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וְאֵילִ֣ם rams H352
וְאֵילִ֣ם rams
Strong's: H352
Word #: 13 of 23
properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree
שְׁנָ֑יִם and two H8147
שְׁנָ֑יִם and two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 14 of 23
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
יִֽהְי֤וּ H1961
יִֽהְי֤וּ
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 15 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
עֹלָה֙ they shall be for a burnt offering H5930
עֹלָה֙ they shall be for a burnt offering
Strong's: H5930
Word #: 16 of 23
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
לַֽיהוָֽה׃ unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָֽה׃ unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 17 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וּמִנְחָתָם֙ with their meat offering H4503
וּמִנְחָתָם֙ with their meat offering
Strong's: H4503
Word #: 18 of 23
a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם and their drink offerings H5262
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם and their drink offerings
Strong's: H5262
Word #: 19 of 23
a libation; also a cast idol
אִשֵּׁ֥ה even an offering made by fire H801
אִשֵּׁ֥ה even an offering made by fire
Strong's: H801
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, a burnt-offering; but occasionally of any sacrifice
רֵֽיחַ savour H7381
רֵֽיחַ savour
Strong's: H7381
Word #: 21 of 23
odor (as if blown)
נִיחֹ֖חַ of sweet H5207
נִיחֹ֖חַ of sweet
Strong's: H5207
Word #: 22 of 23
properly, restful, i.e., pleasant; abstractly, delight
לַֽיהוָֽה׃ unto the LORD H3068
לַֽיהוָֽה׃ unto the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 23 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.

This verse falls within the section on Appointed Feasts. God's sacred calendar including Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles, marking redemption and agricultural blessings.

The five main offerings (burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt) addressed different aspects of relationship with God, all fulfilled in Christ's comprehensive sacrifice.
Hebrews 9-10 explains how Christ's once-for-all sacrifice supersedes the repeated Levitical offerings, providing permanent cleansing from sin.

Historical Context

God's sacred calendar including Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles, marking redemption and agricultural blessings. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient sacrificial texts from cultures surrounding Israel demonstrate the widespread practice of animal sacrifice, but Israel's system uniquely emphasized moral atonement over magical efficacy.

Questions for Reflection

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