Leviticus 20:21

Authorized King James Version

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And if a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother's nakedness; they shall be childless.

Original Language Analysis

וְאִ֗ישׁ And if a man H376
וְאִ֗ישׁ And if a man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 1 of 13
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 2 of 13
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִקַּ֛ח shall take H3947
יִקַּ֛ח shall take
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 3 of 13
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 13
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֵ֥שֶׁת wife H802
אֵ֥שֶׁת wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 5 of 13
a woman
אָחִ֛יו his brother's H251
אָחִ֛יו his brother's
Strong's: H251
Word #: 6 of 13
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
נִדָּ֣ה it is an unclean thing H5079
נִדָּ֣ה it is an unclean thing
Strong's: H5079
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)
הִ֑וא H1931
הִ֑וא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 8 of 13
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
עֶרְוַ֥ת nakedness H6172
עֶרְוַ֥ת nakedness
Strong's: H6172
Word #: 9 of 13
nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or figuratively (disgrace, blemish)
אָחִ֛יו his brother's H251
אָחִ֛יו his brother's
Strong's: H251
Word #: 10 of 13
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
גִּלָּ֖ה he hath uncovered H1540
גִּלָּ֖ה he hath uncovered
Strong's: H1540
Word #: 11 of 13
to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
עֲרִירִ֥ים they shall be childless H6185
עֲרִירִ֥ים they shall be childless
Strong's: H6185
Word #: 12 of 13
bare, i.e., destitute (of children)
יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ H1961
יִֽהְיֽוּ׃
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 13
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Analysis & Commentary

And if a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean thing: he hath uncovered his brother's nakedness; they shall be childless.

This verse falls within the section on Penalties for Disobedience. Punishments for violations of sexual and religious laws, emphasizing the seriousness of sin in God's holy community.

Ritual purity laws taught Israel to distinguish between clean and unclean, holy and common, training them in discernment and reverence for God's presence.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

Historical Context

Punishments for violations of sexual and religious laws, emphasizing the seriousness of sin in God's holy community. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. Ancient texts like the Code of Hammurabi show that law codes were common in the ancient Near East, but biblical law uniquely grounded ethics in God's character rather than merely social convention.

Questions for Reflection

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