Lamentations 1:20

Authorized King James Version

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Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: abroad the sword bereaveth, at home there is as death.

Original Language Analysis

רְאֵ֨ה Behold H7200
רְאֵ֨ה Behold
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 1 of 18
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
יְהוָ֤ה O LORD H3068
יְהוָ֤ה O LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 18
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 18
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
צַר H6862
צַר
Strong's: H6862
Word #: 4 of 18
a pebble (as in h6864)
לִי֙ H0
לִי֙
Strong's: H0
Word #: 5 of 18
מֵעַ֣י my bowels H4578
מֵעַ֣י my bowels
Strong's: H4578
Word #: 6 of 18
used only in plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen, figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extension the stomach, the uteru
חֳמַרְמָ֔רוּ are troubled H2560
חֳמַרְמָ֔רוּ are troubled
Strong's: H2560
Word #: 7 of 18
properly, to boil up; hence, to glow (with redness)
נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ is turned H2015
נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ is turned
Strong's: H2015
Word #: 8 of 18
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
לִבִּי֙ mine heart H3820
לִבִּי֙ mine heart
Strong's: H3820
Word #: 9 of 18
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
בְּקִרְבִּ֔י within H7130
בְּקִרְבִּ֔י within
Strong's: H7130
Word #: 10 of 18
properly, the nearest part, i.e., the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)
כִּ֥י H3588
כִּ֥י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 11 of 18
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
מָרִ֑יתִי me for I have grievously H4784
מָרִ֑יתִי me for I have grievously
Strong's: H4784
Word #: 12 of 18
to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
מָרִ֑יתִי me for I have grievously H4784
מָרִ֑יתִי me for I have grievously
Strong's: H4784
Word #: 13 of 18
to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
מִח֥וּץ abroad H2351
מִח֥וּץ abroad
Strong's: H2351
Word #: 14 of 18
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
שִׁכְּלָה bereaveth H7921
שִׁכְּלָה bereaveth
Strong's: H7921
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, to miscarry, i.e., suffer abortion; by analogy, to bereave (literally or figuratively)
חֶ֖רֶב the sword H2719
חֶ֖רֶב the sword
Strong's: H2719
Word #: 16 of 18
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
בַּבַּ֥יִת at home H1004
בַּבַּ֥יִת at home
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 17 of 18
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
כַּמָּֽוֶת׃ there is as death H4194
כַּמָּֽוֶת׃ there is as death
Strong's: H4194
Word #: 18 of 18
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin

Analysis & Commentary

Honest appeal: "Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; mine heart is turned within me" (re'eh YHWH ki-tsar-li me'ai chomaru libי nehpakh be-kirbi). The physical descriptions—"bowels troubled" (me'ai chomaru) and "heart turned within me" (libi nehpakh be-kirbi)—convey visceral anguish. Hebrew anthropology located emotions in physical organs: bowels (me'ah) for compassion and distress, heart (lev) for thought and will. The phrase "for I have grievously rebelled" (ki marokh mariti) uses emphatic construction: "rebelling, I have rebelled"—acknowledging willful, serious disobedience. "Abroad the sword bereaveth" (ba-chus shikhelah-charev) describes death outside from warfare. "At home there is as death" (ba-bayit ka-mavet) describes conditions inside (plague, famine) as deadly as warfare. Trapped between external and internal threats, with no escape. Yet the verse begins "Behold, O LORD"—even in despair, the speaker addresses God, maintaining relationship. This models bringing our worst moments to God rather than away from Him.

Historical Context

The siege created the described conditions: warfare outside Jerusalem's walls, death inside from starvation and disease. Jeremiah 14:18 presents similar picture: 'If I go forth into the field, then behold the slain with the sword! and if I enter into the city, then behold them that are sick with famine!' Ezekiel 7:15 warns: 'The sword is without, and the pestilence and the famine within.' Archaeological evidence from besieged cities shows mass graves, burn layers, destruction, and evidence of malnutrition. The confession of grievous rebellion is significant. Throughout Jeremiah's 40-year ministry, leaders and people refused to acknowledge sin. False prophets promised peace (Jeremiah 6:14, 8:11, 23:17). Only when judgment fell did confession come—sadly, too late to avert consequences, though never too late for mercy. The verse demonstrates that even in extremity, honest confession before God is appropriate. Psalm 51:17 promises: 'a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise.'

Questions for Reflection