Joshua 6:15

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass on the seventh day, that they rose early about the dawning of the day, and compassed the city after the same manner seven times: only on that day they compassed the city seven times.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י׀ H1961
וַיְהִ֣י׀
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בַּיּ֣וֹם day H3117
בַּיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 2 of 21
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י And it came to pass on the seventh H7637
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י And it came to pass on the seventh
Strong's: H7637
Word #: 3 of 21
seventh
וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙מוּ֙ that they rose early H7925
וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙מוּ֙ that they rose early
Strong's: H7925
Word #: 4 of 21
literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e., to start early in the morning
כַּֽעֲל֣וֹת about the dawning H5927
כַּֽעֲל֣וֹת about the dawning
Strong's: H5927
Word #: 5 of 21
to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
הַשַּׁ֔חַר of the day H7837
הַשַּׁ֔חַר of the day
Strong's: H7837
Word #: 6 of 21
dawn (literal, figurative or adverbial)
סָֽבְב֥וּ and compassed H5437
סָֽבְב֥וּ and compassed
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 7 of 21
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעִ֖יר the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 9 of 21
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט after the same manner H4941
כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט after the same manner
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 10 of 21
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
הַזֶּ֖ה H2088
הַזֶּ֖ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 11 of 21
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
שֶׁ֥בַע seven H7651
שֶׁ֥בַע seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 12 of 21
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
פְּעָמִֽים׃ times H6471
פְּעָמִֽים׃ times
Strong's: H6471
Word #: 13 of 21
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)
רַ֚ק H7535
רַ֚ק
Strong's: H7535
Word #: 14 of 21
properly, leanness, i.e., (figuratively) limitation; only adverbial, merely, or conjunctional, although
בַּיּ֣וֹם day H3117
בַּיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 15 of 21
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַה֔וּא H1931
הַה֔וּא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 16 of 21
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
סָֽבְב֥וּ and compassed H5437
סָֽבְב֥וּ and compassed
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 17 of 21
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעִ֖יר the city H5892
הָעִ֖יר the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 19 of 21
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
שֶׁ֥בַע seven H7651
שֶׁ֥בַע seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 20 of 21
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
פְּעָמִֽים׃ times H6471
פְּעָמִֽים׃ times
Strong's: H6471
Word #: 21 of 21
a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)

Analysis & Commentary

The seventh day marks the climax—they rose early, about the dawning of the day. The Hebrew sha'ar hashachar (שַׁעַר הַשָּׁחַר) means the gates of dawn, emphasizing the earliest light. This special timing sets the seventh day apart. Rising earlier than previous days shows heightened anticipation and obedience. They compass the city seven times on this day—a complete, divine number. Seven circuits on the seventh day equals forty-nine (7×7), approaching the Jubilee pattern of fullness and liberation (Leviticus 25). The sevenfold circling intensifies the proclamation and prophetically enacts Jericho's complete doom. What required one circuit for six days requires seven circuits on the culminating day. This isn't arbitrary but reflects divine design. The pattern teaches that God's final acts of judgment or deliverance often intensify before completion. The church's witness may intensify before Christ's return; spiritual battles often crescendo before breakthrough. Perseverance is crucial in the final stages.

Historical Context

The seventh day's significance was deeply rooted in Israel's theology. The Sabbath, seventh day of creation, represented God's rest and completed work (Genesis 2:2-3). The seventh year was Sabbath for the land (Leviticus 25:4). Seven connected to covenant completeness throughout Scripture. For Jericho's defenders, the seventh day brought something different—seven circuits instead of one. By the fourth or fifth circuit, panic likely set in. The relentless repetition, the increasing intensity, the ominous trumpet blasts—all signaled that climax approached. Archaeological evidence suggests Jericho's walls indeed fell suddenly, consistent with the biblical account. Whether through earthquake, supernatural intervention, or both, God acted decisively to fulfill His word. The early morning timing meant Israel began in darkness and completed as full daylight arrived—symbolically, from darkness to light, from siege to victory.

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