Joshua 18:10

Authorized King James Version

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And Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to their divisions.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֩ cast H7993
וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֩ cast
Strong's: H7993
Word #: 1 of 15
to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
לָהֶ֨ם H0
לָהֶ֨ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 2 of 15
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ And Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ And Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 3 of 15
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
גּוֹרָ֛ל lots H1486
גּוֹרָ֛ל lots
Strong's: H1486
Word #: 4 of 15
properly, a pebble, i.e., a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
בְּשִׁלֹ֖ה for them in Shiloh H7887
בְּשִׁלֹ֖ה for them in Shiloh
Strong's: H7887
Word #: 5 of 15
shiloh, a place in palestine
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 15
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
יְהוָ֑ה the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֑ה the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 7 of 15
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וַיְחַלֶּק divided H2505
וַיְחַלֶּק divided
Strong's: H2505
Word #: 8 of 15
to be smooth (figuratively)
שָׁ֨ם H8033
שָׁ֨ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 9 of 15
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ And Joshua H3091
יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ And Joshua
Strong's: H3091
Word #: 10 of 15
jehoshua (i.e., joshua), the jewish leader
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָאָ֛רֶץ the land H776
הָאָ֛רֶץ the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 12 of 15
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
לִבְנֵ֥י unto the children H1121
לִבְנֵ֥י unto the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 13 of 15
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 14 of 15
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ according to their divisions H4256
כְּמַחְלְקֹתָֽם׃ according to their divisions
Strong's: H4256
Word #: 15 of 15
a section (of levites, people or soldiers)

Analysis & Commentary

Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to their divisions—The sacred moment: divine allocation occurs. Before the LORD means at the tabernacle, likely involving the Urim and Thummim through Eleazar. Joshua serves as covenant mediator, but God determines each inheritance.

According to their divisions (machleqotam, מַחְלְקֹתָם) respects tribal distinctions. Unity doesn't erase identity—God blesses diversity within covenantal unity. Each tribe receives custom-fit inheritance matching their character and calling. This prefigures believers' varied spiritual gifts (1 Corinthians 12:4-11).

Historical Context

This lot-casting concluded the land distribution process begun years earlier. It resolved potential conflicts by divine authority, preventing civil war. The ceremony at Shiloh's tabernacle sanctified Israel's settlement pattern for generations.

Questions for Reflection

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