Joshua 12:2

Authorized King James Version

Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
סִיחוֹן֙
Sihon
sichon, an amoritish king
#2
מֶ֣לֶךְ
king
a king
#3
הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י
of the Amorites
an emorite, one of the canaanitish tribes
#4
הַיּוֹשֵׁ֖ב
who dwelt
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
#5
בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן
in Heshbon
cheshbon, a place east of the jordan
#6
מֹשֵׁ֡ל
and ruled
to rule
#7
מֵֽעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר
from Aroer
aror, the name of three places in or near palestine
#8
אֲשֶׁר֩
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#10
שְׂפַת
which is upon the bank
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)
#11
הַנַּ֔חַל
even unto the river
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#12
אַרְנ֜וֹן
Arnon
the arnon, a river east of the jordan, also its territory
#13
וְת֤וֹךְ
and from the middle
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#14
הַנַּ֔חַל
even unto the river
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#15
וַֽחֲצִ֣י
and from half
the half or middle
#16
הַגִּלְעָ֔ד
Gilead
gilad, a region east of the jordan; also the name of three israelites
#17
וְעַד֙
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#18
יַבֹּ֣ק
Jabbok
jabbok, a river east of the jordan
#19
הַנַּ֔חַל
even unto the river
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#20
גְּב֖וּל
which is the border
properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
#21
בְּנֵ֥י
of the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#22
עַמּֽוֹן׃
of Ammon
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country

Analysis

The kingdom of God theme here intersects with the progressive revelation of God's rule from creation to consummation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of development from creation mandate through Davidic kingdom to eschatological fulfillment. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's reign from creation through the millennial kingdom.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on kingdom of God particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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