Joshua 10:13

Authorized King James Version

And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּדֹּ֨ם
stood still
to be dumb; by implication, to be astonished, to stop; also to perish
#2
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙
And the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#3
וְיָרֵ֣חַ
and the moon
the moon
#4
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֤ד
stayed
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#5
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#6
יִקֹּ֥ם
had avenged
to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish
#7
גּוֹי֙
until the people
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
#8
אֹֽיְבָ֔יו
themselves upon their enemies
hating; an adversary
#9
הֲלֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#10
הִ֥יא
Is not this
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#11
כְתוּבָ֖ה
written
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
#12
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
סֵ֣פֶר
in the book
properly, writing (the art or a document); by implication, a book
#14
הַיָּשָׁ֑ר
of Jasher
straight (literally or figuratively)
#15
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֤ד
stayed
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#16
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙
And the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#17
בַּֽחֲצִ֣י
in the midst
the half or middle
#18
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם
of heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#19
וְלֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#20
אָ֥ץ
and hasted
to press; (by implication) to be close, hurry, withdraw
#21
לָב֖וֹא
not to go down
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#22
כְּי֥וֹם
day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#23
תָּמִֽים׃
about a whole
entire (literally, figuratively or morally); also (as noun) integrity, truth

Analysis

Within the broader context of Joshua, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Joshua.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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