John 3:20

Authorized King James Version

For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
πᾶς
every one
all, any, every, the whole
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
φαῦλα
evil
"foul" or "flawy", i.e., (figuratively) wicked
#5
πράσσων
that doeth
to "practise", i.e., perform repeatedly or habitually (thus differing from g4160, which properly refers to a single act); by implication, to execute,
#6
μισεῖ
hateth
to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less
#7
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
φῶς
the light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#9
καὶ
neither
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
οὐκ
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#11
ἔρχεται
cometh
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#12
πρὸς
to
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#13
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
φῶς
the light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#15
ἵνα
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#16
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#17
ἐλεγχθῇ
should be reproved
to confute, admonish
#18
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἔργα
deeds
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#20
αὐτοῦ·
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the divine love theme central to John. The concept of divine revelation reflects the essential nature of God revealed through Christ. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to theological biography emphasizing Jesus' divine identity, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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