John 20:4

Authorized King James Version

So they ran both together: and the other disciple did outrun Peter, and came first to the sepulchre.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἔτρεχον
they ran
which uses ????? <pronunciation strongs="drem'-o"/> (the base of g1408) as alternate in certain tenses; to run or walk hastily (literally or figurativ
#2
δὲ
So
but, and, etc
#3
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
δύο
both
"two"
#5
ὁμοῦ·
together
akin to g0260) as adverb; at the same place or time
#6
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἄλλος
the other
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
#9
μαθητὴς
disciple
a learner, i.e., pupil
#10
προέδραμεν
did outrun
to run forward, i.e., outstrip, precede
#11
τάχιον
more swiftly, i.e., (in manner) more rapidly, or (in time) more speedily
#12
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
Πέτρου
Peter
a (piece of) rock (larger than g3037); as a name, petrus, an apostle
#14
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
ἦλθεν
came
to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#16
πρῶτος
first
foremost (in time, place, order or importance)
#17
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#18
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
μνημεῖον
the sepulchre
a remembrance, i.e., cenotaph (place of interment)

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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